Since its introduction in 1980s, Laser therapy, a minimally invasive, outpatient, effective, and relatively safe procedure for spine disease, has established itself world-wide. percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) was mainly applied to treat lumbar disc herniation with a satisfactory efficacy. Recently, laser therapy has been used for many cases of lumbar stenosis and cervical disease.In this article, advantages and disadvantages of laser will be discussed, and technical and clinical aspects of current applications will presented. Such applications include Percutaneous lumbar disk decompression (PLDD), Percutaneous endoscopic laser annuloplasty(PELA), Epiduroscopic laser neural decompression(ELND), Laser disk decompression in cervical disk diseases.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to monitor the quality control of pedicle screw fixation using a cumulative summation test (CUSUM). Overview of Literature: CUSUM test has already been used in several different surgical settings including the assessment of outcomes in transplant, laparoscopic, and total hip replacement surgeries. However, there has been no data regarding CUSUM analysis for spine surgery.
Methods
Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent lumbar fusion surgery were included in this study. The primary outcome was the CUSUM analysis for monitoring the quality control of the accuracy of pedicle screw insertion.
Results
Seven screws of the 100 pedicle screw insertions were considered to have failed in the lumbar fusion surgery, respectively. Throughout the monitoring period, there was no indication by the CUSUM test that the quality of performance of the pedicle screw fixation procedure was inadequate.
Conclusions
Thisstudy demonstrates the CUSUM test can be a useful tool for monitoring of the quality of procedures related with spine surgery.

Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of a prototype plate and cage device (PCB) in cervical spine disease.
Summary of Background
Data: Several Cage-Screw implants have recently been developed to avoid cervical platerelated complications.
Methods
A total of 34 patients with cervical disc protrusion who underwent PCB implantation between 2004 and 2007 were included in the study. There were 22 males and 12 females with a mean age of 49.9 years (range: 30 to 62 years). Odom’s Criteria were evaluated in all patients for a minimum follow-up period of 1 year (mean 24.6 months). Radiographic evaluation was performed to assess the status of fusion, intervertebral disc height, cervical lordosis and segmental kyphosis.
Results
In general, there were 20 excellent cases, 10 good cases and 4 fair cases according to Odom’s Criteria. In terms of radiological results, the height of intervertebral disc space was measured three different times, as follows: pre-operation, mean 6.07 mm; post-operation, mean 9.52 mm; last follow-up, mean 8.74 mm. No patients showed segmental instability on flexion-extension view at the last follow-up appointment. There were no cases of screw back out or device failure and no donor site morbidity.
Conclusion
PCB implant for degenerative cervical disease may restore intervertebral disc space and lordotic angle of the cervical spine without significant complications.

Purpose
Preoperative and postoperative trunk asymmetry were measured by 3-D full body scanner in scoliosis patients. Measured variables between operation were compared. And also compared with radiologically measured varaibles.
Materials and Methods
From february 2011 to august 2011, 20 patients with idiopathic scoliosis were treated by surgical operation. Mean age was 17.2. Using 3-D full body scanner (Medicube®), left and right side difference of weight balance, shoulder height, shoulder volume, shoulder gradient, rib hump gradient between operation were measured. Radiologically measured apical vertebra rotation (by Nash-Moe method) and 3-D scanned rib hump gradient were compared. Also radiologically measeured shoulder height (coracoid height difference) and 3-D scanned shoulder height were compared.
Results
Mean left and right side difference between operation is ; 3.2% in weight balance, 1.1% in shoulder height, 15% in shoulder volume, 3.24° in shoulder gradient, 4.72° in rib hump gradient. Differences except shoulder height were statistically significant. Rib hump gradient has the strongest significance (p-value<0.001), and improved averagely 3.4° in 15 patients. Apical vertebra rotation and rib hump gradient showed positive relation.
Conclusion
After deformity correction operation in idiopathic scoliosis patient, most of trunk measures showed significant difference, and rib hump gradient reflected apical vertebra rotation. In conclusion, 3-D full body scanner can be useful method to evaluate trunk symmetry in idiopathic scoliosis patient.

Cardiovascular instability after a cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common and critical complication. In particular, cardiac interventions including a temporary and permanent pacemaker are useful for bradycardia and recurrent asystoles. On the other hand, a temporary pacemaker might be a cause of sepsis and pulmonary embolus when in place for 7 hours or longer, which can be life-threatening. A 28 year old male who suffered quadriplegia after a motor cycle traffic accident was transferred to our institute. Bradycardia and recurrent asystoles developed 18 days after the SCI. Fungal sepsis and a pulmonary thromboembolism occurred 1 week after applying a temporary pacemaker. The bradycardia with asystole had improved slowly during the treatment for sepsis and pulmonary embolism. The temporary transvenous pacemaker was removed 43 days after the SCI. We report a case with temporary transvenous pacemakers that resulted in an improvement in the cardiovascular instabilities without life-threatened complications.

Far lateral lumbar disc herniation (FLLDH) is a rare type of intervertebral disc herniations based on its anatomical location. A herniated lesion compressing the exiting nerve root superiorly makes clinical symptoms of lumbar radiculopathy. We report a 77-year-old female patient presenting lower back pain, left buttock pain and numbness, radiating pain, tingling sensation on the left lower extremity. Radiological images revealed a 16.2x13.8x7.2 mm sized mass like lesion outside the left foraminal canal of the L5-S1 disc space, mimicking nerve sheath tumor at a extradural location. Histopathological examination of the specimen was confirmed as a sequestrated disc fragments. We conclude that preoperative careful evaluation should be exercised for the differential diagnosis of the extraforaminal soft mass.