Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that leaves permeant disability. Surgical decompression and stabilization with various pharmacological treatments have been tried to prevent secondary injury, however, their results have been disappointing. Therefore, novel therapeutic options are required enthusiastically. Cell transplantation that has the potential of neuroregenerative and neuroprotective ability is regarded as a promising remedy. We would like to describe about the micro-anatomy and the mechanism of injury of spinal cord injury. We also delineate transplanted cells; embryonic stem cell, induced pluripotent stem cell, mesenchymal stem cell as stem cells and Schwan cell, olfactory ensheathing cell as supporting cells with brief reviews of their experimental results.